Crisis Management for a Conflict with North Korea

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높아지는 EU 탄소국경...기업 탄소데이터 관리, 시험대 오른다[2026 ESG 키워드④]

Rising EU Carbon Border... Corporate Carbon Data Management Faces the Test [2026 ESG Keyword ④]

Hankyung | Local Language | News | Dec. 5, 2025 | Regulation

The European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (EU CBAM) began as a pilot in October 2023 and will enter full implementation in 2026. This policy imposes additional costs on carbon-intensive products imported into the EU, aiming to protect EU industries from imports originating in countries with lower greenhouse gas regulations and to prevent carbon leakage. Starting January 1, 2026, companies must purchase certificates and make payments based on their carbon emissions annually, with stricter verification requirements. Initially, CBAM will apply to steel, cement, aluminum, fertilizers, hydrogen, and electricity, with plans to expand to other products.

CBAM costs are calculated by comparing the EU carbon price with the carbon price already paid in the exporting country, specifically Korea’s emissions trading system (K-ETS). Companies must obtain CBAM authorized declarant status to export affected goods to the EU, and they need to establish precise carbon emission measurement systems, reporting emissions per product unit rather than by installation as in Korea's ETS. From 2026, companies must submit plant-measured data for verification or face fines and potential export blocks. An internal measurement, reporting, and verification system (MRV) covering emissions from raw material extraction to product manufacturing is required, including data from the supply chain, all certified by an EU-recognized verification body.

The financial burden for Korean companies could rise significantly, with estimated CBAM certificate costs increasing from about EUR 90 million (KRW 134.9 billion) in 2026 to EUR 340 million (KRW 509.6 billion) by 2035. The steel and aluminum sectors are expected to be most affected. Small exporters might benefit from a regulatory amendment changing exemption criteria from a "less than EUR 150 per case" threshold to an "annual cumulative weight of 50 tonnes or less," potentially lowering administrative burdens. The upcoming changes require immediate preparation from companies and call for comprehensive government support to manage the transition.

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