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People living near mines showing lung damage

Times of India | English | News | Dec. 8, 2025 | Pollution

Recent studies reveal that communities living near Indian mining operations are exhibiting significant lung damage and heavy metal exposure comparable to that of mining workers. Data presented in Lok Sabha, based on research by the Indian Council of Medical Research, highlights abnormal lung function and signs of lung fibrosis among residents, including children. A National Institute of Occupational Health study found abnormal pulmonary function in 7.8% of local residents, with interstitial lung fibrosis detected via chest X-rays in 2.7% of residents. Elevated mercury levels exceeding permissible limits were found in 8% of residents, indicating exposure beyond the workplace.

Additional findings showed children near the Rampura Agucha mine in Rajasthan had higher blood lead levels compared to control groups, although no toxicity or IQ decline was noted. Assessments in Odisha’s Angul and Damanjodi areas found respiratory impairments in over 2% of community members. Experts attributed these health issues to insufficient dust suppression, emission controls, fugitive dust presence, poor green buffer zones, and outdated dust-control technology in mining areas. The spread of fine coal dust and silica into homes and schools is causing occupational-level exposure risks for non-workers.

Despite these health concerns, mining companies assert that they provide extensive healthcare services, including hospitals, dispensaries, and mobile health units. However, public health professionals argue that these measures are inadequate, calling instead for structured, regular screenings, specialist clinics, and environmental audits to effectively monitor and address lung diseases among mining-affected populations. The health ministry is coordinating with coal authorities to run national respiratory disease programs, but ongoing environmental and health risks highlight the urgent need for stronger safeguards and rigorous monitoring in India’s mining belts.

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